{"id":19357,"date":"2024-06-03T16:49:20","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T15:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/buehler.com\/uk\/?page_id=19357"},"modified":"2024-06-03T18:40:26","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T17:40:26","slug":"solutions-by-material-copper-and-copper-alloys","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-copper-and-copper-alloys\/","title":{"rendered":"Solutions by Material Copper and Copper Alloys"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"19357\" class=\"elementor elementor-19357\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ff6699 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"71ff6699\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-367839bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"367839bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Solutions By Materials:<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e13b03f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e13b03f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copper and copper alloys<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-291ad130 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"291ad130\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3da8598d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3da8598d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metallographic Preparation Solutions by Material<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f465c9f elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f465c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Use this guide for advice on where to start when performing metallographic preparation and analysis on copper and copper alloys.  Included are tips for achieving the best results for your metallographic application.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-718a01d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"718a01d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1279ce3f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1279ce3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-486400d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"486400d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-535845e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"535845e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3178a902 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3178a902\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#cutting\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/Sectioning-Products-Hexagon.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17272\" alt=\"Buehler Sectioning Products\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-226416 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"226416\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a0ab67f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a0ab67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#cutting\">General Cutting<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c08ea43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c08ea43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6721a9b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6721a9b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26ea431d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"26ea431d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#mounting\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/Mounting-Products-Hexagon.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17273\" alt=\"Buehler Mounting Products\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-359166db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"359166db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36a5a97d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36a5a97d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#mounting\">General Mounting<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d2cd9e3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d2cd9e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74f124a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74f124a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc12da0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7dc12da0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#gp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/Grinding-Polishing-Hexagon.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17274\" alt=\"Buehler Grinding &amp; Polishing Products\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c37c332 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c37c332\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dfdab1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dfdab1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#gp\">General Grinding &amp; Polishing<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-306eebc1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"306eebc1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-778eedbc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"778eedbc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ddf618b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1ddf618b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#etching\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/07\/Buehler-Products-Etching.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-16946\" alt=\"Buehler Etching Products\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-370298f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"370298f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a640ada elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a640ada\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#etching\">General Etching<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-600f730e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"600f730e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-757fa2fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"757fa2fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15cecad1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"15cecad1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#hardness\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/Hardness-Testing-Hexagon.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17276\" alt=\"Buehler Hardness Testing Products\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee120f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee120f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69080ffa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69080ffa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#hardness\">General Hardness Testing<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f7afd75 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2f7afd75\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35f416c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35f416c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6768f02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6768f02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Things to consider when working with copper and copper alloys<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32ed5878 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"32ed5878\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b7daf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90b7daf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1872f7e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1872f7e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/04\/Buehler-Solutions-by-Materials-Copper-1024x511.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19241\" alt=\"Things to consider when working with copper and copper alloys\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/04\/Buehler-Solutions-by-Materials-Copper-1024x511.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/04\/Buehler-Solutions-by-Materials-Copper-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/04\/Buehler-Solutions-by-Materials-Copper-768x383.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/04\/Buehler-Solutions-by-Materials-Copper.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56308e70 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56308e70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65e7de37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65e7de37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Copper and copper alloys are ductile and malleable materials. When completing steps prior to polishing with copper or copper alloys it&#8217;s important to reduce damage as much as possible. Copper, being a softer material, is more susceptible to rough sectioning or grinding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-390c8719 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"390c8719\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"cutting\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7285377 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7285377\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e086514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e086514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copper and Copper Alloys Cutting Tips<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9d3636 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7b9d3636\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-619088dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"619088dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b2a7b12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2b2a7b12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-359fffba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"359fffba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Abrasive-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19382\" alt=\"Abrasive Cutting Tips\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Abrasive-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Abrasive-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Abrasive-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Abrasive-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7367aac6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7367aac6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72885f28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72885f28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All sectioning should be performed wet, with an ample flow of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/sectioning.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">coolant<\/a> directed into the cut. Wet cutting will produce a smoother surface finish than a dry cut. Using coolant will also guard against surface damage caused by overheating and mechanical strains. Reducing damage while sectioning is important. Mechanical damage, such as fractures can penetrate deep into the structure and make later preparation steps longer. There are two main types of cutting tools offered: Abrasive and Precision.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ef012c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41ef012c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57ebb172 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57ebb172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abrasive Cutting Tips<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55d06dcd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"55d06dcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e92af04 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e92af04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33a84935 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33a84935\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf93cf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7cf93cf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/premium-Abrasive-Cutter-Blades.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1849\" alt=\"Premium Abrasive Cutting Blades\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/premium-Abrasive-Cutter-Blades.png 600w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/premium-Abrasive-Cutter-Blades-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/08\/premium-Abrasive-Cutter-Blades-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31238254 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31238254\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e2625b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37e2625b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Abrasive blades have different bond strengths and are recommended based on the efficiency of their bond strength and abrasive type with different materials. Choosing an incorrect blade can lead to an improper wear rate and possibly alter the existing microstructure. An abrasive blade is entirely made up of abrasive that is bound together by a resin. When used, blades get smaller in size until they can no longer cut. A new blade can then be put on the sectioning piece of equipment to make additional cuts.<\/p><p>The size of the abrasive blade also affects cutting parameters. Larger, thicker blades remove more material but also generate more heat than a thinner blade. To reduce the heat produced by blades the feed rates should be lowered.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/sectioning\/accessories-consumables\/abrasive-blades-for-sectioning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Abrasive wheels\/blades<\/a> should be selected according to the type of material and the size of part to be cut.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3133e049 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3133e049\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d0288a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d0288a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2946a193 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"2946a193\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive w-100\">\n\t<table class=\"table table-hover\">\n\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"buehler_blue bold fs-5 text-center\" scope=\"col\" colspan=\"4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRecommended Abrasive blade for Copper and copper alloys\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr class=\"alert-bblue\">\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t10in (254mm)\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t12in (305 mm)\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t14in (356mm)\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t16in (406mm)\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t<tbody class=\"table-group-divider\">\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=102512P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t102512P 0.06in [1.5mm]\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=103012P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t103012P 0.079in [2mm]\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=103512P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t103512P 0.1 [2.5mm]\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=1031650010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t10-31650-010 0.125in [3mm]\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3637d0a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3637d0a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-195896c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"195896c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Precision Cutting Tips<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d251a2e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7d251a2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-320d75ea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"320d75ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c03f29c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7c03f29c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26efb1fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"26efb1fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Precision-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19384\" alt=\"Precision Cutting Tips\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Precision-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Precision-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Precision-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Precision-Cutting-Tips-for-Aluminum.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e19fec5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e19fec5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fa76e8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fa76e8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/sectioning\/#precision\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Precision cutters<\/a> are used in metallographic preparation of copper when cutting samples that are small or delicate. Precision blades don&#8217;t break down as they are being used. On the outer edge of the blade there is a section where abrasive has been bonded with metal alloy and if taken care of one wafering blade can outlast a box of abrasive blades. Wafering blades can be used with copper for more difficult cuts including making a precise cut close to a feature of interest, or when it is critical to reduce the width of a cut (kerf loss).<\/p><p>Additional benefits of using a precision cutter are a lower load is applied and consequently, less heat is generated, reducing the amount of damage relative to abrasive cutting.<\/p><p>Abrasive blades are also made for precision cutters. They can be used when potential for blades breaking is high. This could be if you have a difficult to clamp part, have a part that might shift during sectioning or you have more variability in the process (ex: multiple operators).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e75f268 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e75f268\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-402972 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"402972\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c8a1e70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4c8a1e70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive w-100\">\n\t<table class=\"table table-hover\">\n\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"buehler_blue bold fs-5 text-center\" scope=\"col\" colspan=\"4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRecommended Precision blades for Copper and copper alloys\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr class=\"alert-bblue\">\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t5in (127mm)\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t7in (178mm)\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t8in (203mm)\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDressing Stick\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t<tbody class=\"table-group-divider\">\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=114215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t11-4215 0.020in [0.5mm]\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=114237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t11-4237 0.025in [0.6mm]\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=114238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t11-4238 0.035in [0.9mm]\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=111190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t11-1190\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><br>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=112490\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t11-2490\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36fbbfff e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36fbbfff\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"mounting\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43ac31c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"43ac31c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-601d1dc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"601d1dc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copper and Copper Alloys Mounting Tips<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b795574 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1b795574\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-499a596e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"499a596e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c2c101b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c2c101b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a019235 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6a019235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Mounting-Tips-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19385\" alt=\"Composite Mounting Tips\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Mounting-Tips-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Mounting-Tips-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Mounting-Tips-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Mounting-Tips.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e3b3944 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e3b3944\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b36a72b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b36a72b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mounting metallographic samples can allow automation and increase ease of handling during the subsequent steps of metallographic preparation and examination. Intricately shaped samples can be mounted to create uniform shapes allowing automation of the sample preparation process.<br \/><br \/>Mounting helps protect and preserve edges or surface defects during metallographic preparation. The method of mounting should in no way alter the microstructure of the specimen. Pressure and heat are the most common sources of injurious effects. Temperatures around 350<sup>o<\/sup>F and pressures around 4200 PSI are common for hot compression mounting.<br \/><br \/>Sample geometry and properties can determine the appropriate method for mounting copper samples. Use castable mounting when samples are thin or deformed easily. Samples such as these tend to be sensitive to high pressures. If samples are not sensitive to pressure, hot compression mounting can be a time and money saver.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-500e0de6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"500e0de6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57ba8d4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57ba8d4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-245c6a8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"245c6a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/products\/mounting\/mounting-consumables\/compression-mounting-powder-and-pre-molds\/\" target=\"_blank\">Hot Compression Mounting<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50bfb2ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50bfb2ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Media can be chosen by the analysis that needs to be done on the sample. For something to create consistent shapes for polishing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=206100080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PhenoCure<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a> can be used. If requiring etching, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=203380064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EpoMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=203330080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diallyl Phthalate<\/a> would be better choices. When you need to see an entire sample, consider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=203400080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TransOptic<\/a>. Being a thermoplastic, TransOptic, when heated and held at temperatures between 105-115<sup>o<\/sup>C for around 20 minutes softens allowing sample removal.<br \/><br \/>For electron microscopy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=203385064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ProbeMet<\/a> might be the conductive media you are looking for. If copper content is of interest in the sample <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=203375016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KonductoMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a> is a conductive alternative to ProbeMet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ac43f8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ac43f8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2611ffe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2611ffe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Hot-Compression-Mounting-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19386\" alt=\"Composite Hot Compression Mounting\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Hot-Compression-Mounting-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Hot-Compression-Mounting-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Hot-Compression-Mounting-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Composite-Hot-Compression-Mounting.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b525635 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7b525635\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38afbc2f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38afbc2f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-660c13ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"660c13ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Mounting-Tips-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19387\" alt=\"Mounting Tips\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Mounting-Tips-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Mounting-Tips-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Mounting-Tips-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Mounting-Tips.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d000b85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d000b85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a58f91e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a58f91e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/products\/mounting\/mounting-consumables\/\" target=\"_blank\">Castable Mounting<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7b4518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7b4518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Careful selection can ensure media meets mounting needs regarding timing, viscosity, temperature, and shrinkage. Acrylic systems can increase throughput with quick curing times between 5 and 30 minutes. Though quicker in curing, sample adhesion and viscosity of acrylics can sometimes be lacking especially with more intricate shapes. This is where epoxy systems can help. With longer working times mixed epoxy can be used with a vacuum system to help penetration levels in intricate geometries. Our epoxy systems also offer lower peak exothermic systems. Additional information can be found on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/mounting\/accessories-consumables\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mounting page<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47188648 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"47188648\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"gp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b45d8d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26b45d8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b52c2d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b52c2d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copper and Copper Alloys Grinding &amp; Polishing Tips for All Methods<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ebaa54a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7ebaa54a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20414300 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20414300\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f47ac03 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f47ac03\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e94d7c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e94d7c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Aluminum-Grinding-Polishing-Tips-for-all-Methods-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19388\" alt=\"Grinding Polishing Tips for all Methods\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Aluminum-Grinding-Polishing-Tips-for-all-Methods-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Aluminum-Grinding-Polishing-Tips-for-all-Methods-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Aluminum-Grinding-Polishing-Tips-for-all-Methods-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Aluminum-Grinding-Polishing-Tips-for-all-Methods.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-301eff6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"301eff6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf39cb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf39cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Deformation in Copper and copper alloy samples tend to be harder to remove. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/grinding-and-polishing\/accessories-and-consumables\/silicon-carbide-grinding-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CarbiMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> SiC papers<\/a> are an effective choice when grinding samples. Papers should be discarded after two minutes of grinding to ensure efficient grinding and prevent burnishing. A longer-lasting alternative is the DGD Color, a resin-bonded fixed abrasive disc, which provides efficient grinding of ductile materials.<\/p><p>Copper and copper alloys can be susceptible to diamond embedding during polishing. If seen, formulations of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=4016301\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MetaDi<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Supreme Diamond paste<\/a> can be used with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=406016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MetaDi fluid extender<\/a>. Paste is rubbed into the cloth fiber and is more likely to adhere to the cloth with less tendency to embed in the sample surface. Another alternative is to use scentless candle wax or paraffin wax on silicon carbide paper. Wax can be applied to the paper to help silicon carbide particles from embedding in samples.<\/p><p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/grinding-and-polishing\/vibratory-polishers\/vibromet-2-vibratory-polisher\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vibratory polishing<\/a> step with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=406370006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MaterMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a> after mechanical polishing can be helpful in creating a scratch-free surface.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61db0fd8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61db0fd8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-276918f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"276918f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-492ca489 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"492ca489\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Using Buehler&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/grinding-and-polishing\/accessories-and-consumables\/burst-dispensing-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Burst dispensing system<\/a> can conserve diamond and improve preparation consistency.<\/p><p>The ideal rate for the Burst dispensing system changes with the size of the platen and the polishing cloth that is being used. As a general guideline, for platen size of 8\u201d a burst setting of 3 is a good starting point, for sizes of 10&#8243; and 12&#8243; set the burst system to 4 and adjust as needed. Some experimentation may be required to determine optimal settings to ensure sufficient abrasive and wetting of the cloth. Burst dispensers are also capable of dispensing extenders simultaneously with diamond, if desired.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74354219 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74354219\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-490f4cf7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"490f4cf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"494\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Burst_Stadium.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6720\" alt=\"Burst Dispensing System\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Burst_Stadium.png 494w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/Burst_Stadium-296x300.png 296w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32e2163f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"32e2163f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4446ff4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4446ff4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a7197fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a7197fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Loads listed in grinding and polishing methods are recommendations for one 1.25&#8243; mounted specimen. If using central force during preparation the force listed should be multiplied by the number of samples being polished. For different sample sizes, use our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">load conversion calculator<\/a> to determine the correct load for your application.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-618c76dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"618c76dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n\t<table class=\"table table-hover\">\n\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"buehler_blue bold fs-5 text-center\" scope=\"col\" colspan=\"5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tProcedure for Grinding and Polishing Copper and copper alloys (General)\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr class=\"alert-bblue\">\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSurface\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLoads [N]\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBase Speed [rpm]\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRelative Rotation\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTime\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t<tbody class=\"table-group-divider\">\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/grinding-polishing.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCarbiMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 220 grit to 320 grit \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t5 [22]\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t300 rpm\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/assets\/solutions\/Complimentary-Rotation.png\" title=\"Relative Rotation\" alt=\"Relative Rotation\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUntil Plane\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=401108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TexMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> C<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=406633\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">9um MetaDi Supreme Diamond<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t5 [22]\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t150 rpm\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/assets\/solutions\/Contra-Rotation.png\" title=\"Relative Rotation\" alt=\"Relative Rotation\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t5:00\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=408018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VerduTex<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=406631F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3um MetaDi Supreme Diamond<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t5 [22]\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t150 rpm\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/assets\/solutions\/Complimentary-Rotation.png\" title=\"Relative Rotation\" alt=\"Relative Rotation\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t3:00\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=408018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VerduTex<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=406630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1um MetaDi Supreme Diamond Colloidal Silica<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t5 [22]\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t150 rpm\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/assets\/solutions\/Complimentary-Rotation.png\" title=\"Relative Rotation\" alt=\"Relative Rotation\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t2:00\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=407918\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChemoMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/product-information.php?pid=406370006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MasterMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Colloidal Silica<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t5 [22]\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t150 rpm\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/assets\/solutions\/Contra-Rotation.png\" title=\"Relative Rotation\" alt=\"Relative Rotation\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t1:30\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t<tfoot>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/assets\/solutions\/platen.png\" title=\"Platen\" alt=\"Platen\"> = Platen <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/assets\/solutions\/Specimen-holder.png\" title=\"Specimen Holder\"alt=\"Specimen Holder\"> = Specimen Holder *Plus MetaDi Fluid Extender as desired\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/tfoot>\n\t<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56ba4a7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"56ba4a7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"etching\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6305c11e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6305c11e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19854902 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19854902\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copper and Copper Alloys Etching Tips<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b142bd8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2b142bd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3057d4e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3057d4e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e0752f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e0752f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c829fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5c829fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive w-100\">\n\t<table class=\"table table-hover\">\n\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"buehler_blue bold fs-5 text-center\" scope=\"col\" colspan=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTable 20.6: Copper, Nickel and Cobalt: Copper and Alloys\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr class=\"alert-bblue\">\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tComposition\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tComments\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t<tbody class=\"table-group-divider\">\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t25m\u2113 NH<sub>4<\/sub>OH 25m\u2113 water (optional) 25-50m\u2113 H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> (3%)\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGeneral purpose grain contrast etch for Cu and alloys (produces a flat etch for some alloys). Use fresh, add peroxide last. Use under a hood. Swab specimen 5-45 seconds.\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t100m\u2113 water 10g ammonium persulfate\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGeneral purpose etch for Cu and alloys. Immerse or swab for 3-60 seconds. Reveals grain boundaries but is sensitive to crystallographic orientation.\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t100m\u2113 water 3g ammonium persulfate 1m\u2113 NH<sub>4<\/sub>OH\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGeneral purpose etch for Cu and alloys, particulatly Cu-Be alloys\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t70m\u2113 water 5g Fe(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub> 25m\u2113 HCl\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tExcellent general purpose etch, reveals grain boundaries well. Immerse specimen 10-30 seconds.\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t300m\u2113 Ethanol 2m\u2113 HCl 0.5 -1m\u2113 Selenic Acid\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBeraha's Selenic Acid Etchant for brass and Cu-Be alloys. Pre-etch the sample is useful for clear grain-boundary. Immerse sample until surface is violet-blue to blue. Use plastic tongs and storage in dark bottle. If the reaction is too fast and the color changes too quick, use 0.5mL selenic acid.\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t50m\u2113 Stock Solution* 1g K<sub>2<\/sub>S<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKlemm\u2019s I reagent. It is a good etchant for beta brass, alpha-beta brass, and bronzes. Immerse for 2 minutes or more and gently wave the sample until the surface is colored. For alpha brass, the reaction is very slow, usually up to 60 minutes.\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t50m\u2113 Stock Solution* 1g K<sub>2<\/sub>S<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKlemm's III reagent. Excellent etchant for copper alloys and best for the cartridge brass. Although the color range was limited, results were very good in bright field. Polarized light and sensitive tint improves color response. Immerse sample 3-5 minutes for bronze alloys.\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t5m\u2113 Stock Solution* 45m\u2113 Water 20g K<sub>2<\/sub>S<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKlemm's III reagent. Excellent etchant for copper alloys and best for the cartridge brass. Although the color range was limited, results were very good in bright field. Polarized light and sensitive tint improves color response. Immerse sample 3-5 minutes for bronze alloys.\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t<tfoot>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t *Stock solution: aqueous cold-saturated Na<sub>2<\/sub>S<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> solution\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/tfoot>\n\t<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32a81086 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32a81086\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-406155f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"406155f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68825d92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"68825d92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copper and Copper Alloys Imaging Tips<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ba93797 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4ba93797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18b2a9c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18b2a9c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19edd330 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"19edd330\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddfb958 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5ddfb958\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Imaging-Tips-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-19391\" alt=\"Imaging Tips\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Imaging-Tips-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Imaging-Tips-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Imaging-Tips-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/06\/Thermal-Spray-Coating-Imaging-Tips.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a179052 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a179052\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13c34a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13c34a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Depending on the alloy and application the goal of analysis can differ. Some common goals of analysis are porosity, contaminants, grain structure, phase percent and dimensional measurements. Dimensional measurements can be taken and saved using one of the lower levels of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/imaging-and-analysis\/software\/omnimet-software-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OmniMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> software<\/a>. For more comprehensive analysis and exporting needs, more advanced versions of the OmniMet software may be required.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bfd5346 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bfd5346\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"hardness\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45b97211 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45b97211\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f89e88a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f89e88a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copper and Copper Alloys Hardness Testing Tips<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7631e860 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7631e860\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7559bb9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7559bb9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-694e8b6f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"694e8b6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3983715b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3983715b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"table-responsive w-100\">\n\t<table class=\"table table-hover\">\n\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"buehler_blue bold fs-5 text-center\" scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tReference Materials for Hardness Testing\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr class=\"alert-bblue\">\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t&nbsp;\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tASTM\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t<th class=\"bold fs-6 text-center\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\tISO\n\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t<tbody class=\"table-group-divider\">\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBrinell\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tE10\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t6506\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRockwell\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tE18\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t6508\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tVickers\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tE92,E384\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t6507\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKnoop\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tE384\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t4545\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tInstrumented\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tE2546\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t14577\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tConversions\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tE140\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t18265\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\">\n\t\t\t\t\tASM Handbook Volume8: Mechanical Testing and Evaluation\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<td class=\"text-center\" scope=\"row\" colspan=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHardness Testing Section\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t<\/table>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70829551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70829551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ea13bc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ea13bc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At Buehler, the equipment offered is made to perform at least one of the following scales: Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers and Knoop. If utilizing a scale previously mentioned there are standards for the method of testing. Standards such as the ones listed in the table are good places to reference the proper method of testing for the scales. Requirements for equipment, samples, testing methods and more are described within that can help determine the correct scale.<\/p><p>Equipment capabilities vary in levels of automation and documentation. Some pieces are integrated with hardness testing software. Software such as Buehler&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/hardness-testing\/automation-software\/diamet-hardness-testing-software\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DiaMet<\/a> can assist with testing parts more efficiently, accuracy and result documentation. This can be especially helpful when a large amount of indents must be done on one part.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e616a8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e616a8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4721b4dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4721b4dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cffcd8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cffcd8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related Products<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16b2a856 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"16b2a856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63f38d9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63f38d9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45660aa6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45660aa6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-387c329b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"387c329b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/sectioning\/abrasive-cutters\/abrasimet-l-pro-automatic-abrasive-sectioning-saw\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/08\/AbrasiMet-L-Pro.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17192\" alt=\"AbrasiMet L Pro Automatic Abrasive Cutter\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/08\/AbrasiMet-L-Pro.png 600w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/08\/AbrasiMet-L-Pro-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/08\/AbrasiMet-L-Pro-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45b926e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45b926e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/sectioning\/abrasive-cutters\/abrasimet-l-pro-automatic-abrasive-sectioning-saw\/\">AbrasiMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> L Pro<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64439e0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64439e0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Abrasive Cutter<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53f28822 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"53f28822\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15e01ba9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"15e01ba9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/mounting\/accessories-consumables\/epoxy-mounting-systems\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/02\/Epoxy-Mounting-Systems.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17996\" alt=\"Epoxy Mounting Systems\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/02\/Epoxy-Mounting-Systems.png 600w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/02\/Epoxy-Mounting-Systems-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2024\/02\/Epoxy-Mounting-Systems-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-802479 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"802479\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/mounting\/accessories-consumables\/epoxy-mounting-systems\/\">Epoxies<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a756e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42a756e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Castable Mounting Systems<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e3de4ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e3de4ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5415b827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5415b827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/grinding-and-polishing\/grinder-polishers\/ecomet-30-semi-automatic-grinder-polisher\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/EcoMet-30-with-head-front_OL.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6628\" alt=\"EcoMet\u00ae 30 Semi-Automatic Grinder Polisher\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/EcoMet-30-with-head-front_OL.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/EcoMet-30-with-head-front_OL-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/EcoMet-30-with-head-front_OL-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25946c82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25946c82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/grinding-and-polishing\/grinder-polishers\/ecomet-30-semi-automatic-grinder-polisher\/\">EcoMet<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 30<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a63a69d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a63a69d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Semi-Auto Grinder Polisher<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a9fdb8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8a9fdb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d57452f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5d57452f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/hardness-testing\/rockwell-hardness-testers\/wilson-rh2150-rockwell-hardness-tester\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/RH2150_Front.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-8544\" alt=\"Wilson Rockwell RH2150 Hardness Tester\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/RH2150_Front.png 600w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/RH2150_Front-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/RH2150_Front-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-102881d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"102881d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/products\/hardness-testing\/rockwell-hardness-testers\/wilson-rh2150-rockwell-hardness-tester\/\">Wilson<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> RH2150<\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45662d13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45662d13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rockwell Hardness Tester<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee9f1cd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7ee9f1cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-539b8bc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"539b8bc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">All Solutions by Material<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422ad8a0 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"422ad8a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Choose a material to view Buehler's resources<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-185866f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"185866f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30af23be e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"30af23be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f391bf7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f391bf7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f0a5abc elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5f0a5abc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-center dropdown\">\n  <button id=\"methods_materials\" class=\"w-100 btn dropdown-toggle\" style=\"border: 2px solid #0057b8; color: #0057b8; font-weight: 600\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"dropdown\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n   -- Select a Method --\n  <\/button>\n  <ul class=\"dropdown-menu p-3\">\n  \t<li>\n  \t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-aluminum-and-aluminum-alloys\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Aluminum\" target=\"_blank\">\n  \t\t\tAluminum and Aluminum Alloys\n\t\t<\/a>\n  \t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-composites\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Composites\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tComposites\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-copper-and-copper-alloys\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Copper\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tCopper and Copper Alloys\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-electronic-components\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Electronic Components\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tElectronic Components\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-stainless-steel\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Stainless Steels\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tStainless Steel\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-cast-iron\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Cast Iron\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tCast Iron\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-carbon-steels\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Carbon Steels\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tCarbon Steels\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-nickel-and-nickel-alloys\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Nickel and Nickel Alloys\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tNickel and Nickel Alloys\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-printed-circuit-boards\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Printed Circuit Boards\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tPrinted Circuit Boards\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-thermal-spray-coatings\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Thermal Spray Coatings\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tThermal Spray Coatings\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n\t<li>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/solutions\/buehler-solutions\/solutions-by-material\/solutions-by-material-titanium-and-titanium-alloys\/\" class=\"cursor-pointer\" title=\"Buehler&#039;s Method by Material Titanium and Titanium Alloys\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\tTitanium and Titanium Alloys\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a572d5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a572d5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28069939 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"28069939\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"17021\" class=\"elementor elementor-17021\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3981e9de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3981e9de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5801e231 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5801e231\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4792b462 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4792b462\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quick Links<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-554c7262 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"554c7262\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Quickly access important info or visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">E-Shop<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37f8b437 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"37f8b437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/07\/Shop-Icon.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-17032\" alt=\"Shop Icon\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/07\/Shop-Icon.png 600w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/07\/Shop-Icon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/07\/Shop-Icon-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Shop<\/div><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Visit our E-Shop<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d04c061 position-absolute bottom-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7d04c061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.metallography.biz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Buehler E-Shop<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solutions By Materials: Copper and copper alloys Metallographic Preparation Solutions by Material Use this guide for advice on where to start when performing metallographic preparation and analysis on copper and copper alloys. Included are tips for achieving the best results for your metallographic application. General Cutting General Mounting General Grinding &amp; Polishing General Etching General [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":19347,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19357","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19357"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19434,"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19357\/revisions\/19434"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.buehler.com\/uk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}