https://www.buehler.com/blog/monocrystalline-vs-polycrystalline-diamond-for-metallographic-polishing/ 2026-08-24T16:57:07+00:00 1.0 daily https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Monocrystalline-Diamonds.png Monocrystalline Diamonds https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Polycrystalline-Diamonds.png Polycrystalline Diamonds https://www.buehler.com/blog/manual-vs-semi-automatic-metallographic-grinding-and-polishing/ 2026-08-24T16:59:58+00:00 1.0 weekly https://www.buehler.com/blog/magnesium-metallographic-specimen-preparation-and-testing/ 2022-03-07T15:28:14+00:00 0.7 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/magnesium-metallographic-specimen-preparation-and-testing-300x157.jpg Magnesium Metallographic Specimen Preparation and Testing https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Table-6.3-5-Step-Methods-for-Magnesium-Alloys--1024x520.png Table 6.3: 5-Step Methods for Magnesium Alloys https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Mg2-300x240.jpg Magnesium https://www.buehler.com/blog/image-analysis-for-hardness-testing/ 2021-11-17T19:04:45+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/advanced-techniques-for-hardness-testing/ 2021-11-17T18:46:57+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/gage-repeatability-and-reproducibility/ 2021-11-17T18:39:35+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/non-destructive-hardness-testing/ 2021-11-17T18:19:45+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/best-practices-rockwell-hardness-testing/ 2021-11-17T18:09:17+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/hardness-testing-concepts/ 2021-11-17T17:47:21+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/history-of-hardness-testing/ 2021-11-17T17:36:22+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/aluminum-metallographic-specimen-preparation-and-testing/ 2021-11-17T17:12:23+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/dendritic.jpg Figure 6.1. Dendritic segregation in as cast 206 aluminum revealed by color etching with Wecks reagent (polarized light, 200X) https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Table-6.1-5-Step-Method-for-Soft-Aluminum-Alloys-1024x472.jpg Table 6.1: 5-Step Method for Soft Aluminum Alloys https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/deformed-aluminum-2-300x168.jpg Deformed Aluminum https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Table-6.2-4-Step-Method-for-Aluminum-Alloys-1024x425.jpg Table 6.2: 4-Step Method for Aluminum Alloys https://www.buehler.com/blog/metallographic-polishing-abrasives/ 2021-11-17T16:51:29+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/monocrystalline-polycrystalline-264x300.jpg Monocrystalline Polycrystalline https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/grinding-polishing-figure-3.14-amorphous-silica-particles-1-300x171.jpg Colloidal Silica https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/grinding-polishing-figure-3.15-vibromet-2-1-300x227.jpg VibroMet 2 Vibratory Polisher https://www.buehler.com/blog/rockwell-hardness-testing/ 2024-06-26T14:12:49+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/rockwell_test_principle_z.jpg Figure 23.4 Schematic of the Rockwell indentation process using a diamond brale Indenter https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Table-23.1-Some-common-scales-in-Rockwell-and-Superficial-Rockwell-Testing-1024x265.jpg Table 23.1: Some common scales in Rockwell and Superficial Rockwell testing https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/gr-Value.jpg G&R Value https://www.buehler.com/blog/brinell-hardness-testing/ 2024-06-26T14:14:49+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/brinell-ball-300x300.jpg Brinell Ball https://www.buehler.com/blog/titanium-specimen-preparation-and-testing/ 2021-11-17T16:14:46+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/titanium-8-2-1-300x196.jpg Figure 8.2. Basket-weave alpha-beta structure of as-cast Ti - 6% Al - 4% V revealed by heat tinting (polarized light, 100X). https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/titanium-8-1-1-300x207.jpg Figure 8.1. Alpha at the surface of heat (1038°C, water quench) Ti - 3% Cr alloy after tint etching with Beraha https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Table-2.1-Characteristics-of-Compression-Mounting-Compounds-1-1024x580.jpg Table 7.1: 3-Step Methods for Ti Alloys https://www.buehler.com/blog/vickers-hardness-testing/ 2021-11-16T15:41:50+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/vickers-hardness-testing-figure-23-6-1.png Vickers Hardness Testing https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/vickers-hardness-testing-figure-23-7-1-300x171.jpg Figure 23.7. Example of a well-formed Vickers indentation (400X). https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/vickers-hardness-testing-figure-23-8-1-300x170.jpg Figure 23.8. Example of a distorted Vickers indentation (400X). https://www.buehler.com/blog/knoop-hardness-testing/ 2021-11-16T15:39:27+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/knoop-hardness-testing-23-9-1.jpg Knoop Hardness Testing https://www.buehler.com/blog/metallographic-mounting/ 2021-11-17T16:13:25+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Table-2.1-Characteristics-of-Compression-Mounting-1-1024x391.jpg Table 2.1 Characteristics of Compression Mounting https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-2-1-mounting-1-235x300.jpg Figure 2.1 Edge retention of this improperly carburized 8620 alloy steel was degraded by a shrinkage gap between the specimen and the phenolic mount - a: 500X b: 1000X(2% nital). https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-2-2-mounting-1-300x196.jpg Figure 2.2 Excellent edge retention of a borided 42CrM04 alloy steel specimen mounted in EpoMet resin (1000X 2% nital). https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-2-3-simpliMet-4000-automatic-mounting-press.jpg SimpliMet 4000 Compression Mounting Press https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/SimpliVac-3qtr-2-300x300.png SimpliVac Vacuum Mounting System https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/deformed-aluminum-1-300x168.jpg Figure 6.2 Deformed, elongated grain structure of extruded 6061-F aluminum after shearing revealed by anodizing with Barkers reagent (polarized light, 100X) https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Table-2.1-Characteristics-of-Compression-Mounting-Compounds-1024x580.jpg Table 2.1: Characteristics of Compression Mounting Compounds https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-2-5-mounting-1-216x300.jpg Figure 2.5 Example a: poor edge visibility due to a lack of contrast between the protective nickel plating and the salt bath nitrided surface (arrow) of 1215 free-machining carbon steel; and b: good contrast and visibility btween EpoMet resin adn nitrided surface (arrow) plus excellent edge retention (1000X 2% nital). https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-2-6-mounting-1-300x209.jpg Figure 2.6 Stqaining (thin arrows) due to etchant bleed out from a shrinkage gap (wide arrows) between the phnolic mount and the M2 high speed steel specimen (500X Vilellas reagent). https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-2-7-mounting-1-228x300.jpg Figure 2.7 Poor edge retention (arrows) at the salt bath nitride surface of 1215 free-machining carbon steel mounted in a: phenolic resin and in b: methacrylate and polished in the same holder as those shown in Figure 2.5 (1000X 2% nital). https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-2-8-mounting-1-218x300.jpg Figure 2.8 Excelent edge retention for a: complex coated (arrow) sintered carbide insert (1000X Murakamis reagent) and for b: iron nitride (arrow points to a white iron nitride layer; an embedded shot blasting particle is to the left of the arrow) H13 hot work die steel specimen (1000X 2% nital). Epomet was used in both cases. https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-2-9-mounting-1-300x208.jpg Figure 2.9 Flat edge Filler shot was added to EpoxiCure 2 resin to improve the edge retention of this annealed H13 hot work die steel specimen (500X 4% picral). https://www.buehler.com/blog/grinding-and-polishing-guide/ 2026-08-24T17:02:55+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Large-Scratches-1024x769.jpg Large Scratches https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Relief-1024x769.jpg Relief https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Diamond-Embedding-1024x769.jpg Diamond Embedding https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Smearing-1024x769.jpg https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Comet-Tails-1024x769.jpg https://www.buehler.com/blog/metallographic-etching/ 2024-06-26T14:16:18+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-20.1.jpg Figure 20.1 shows the microstructure of cold-drawn zirconium viewed in cross-polarized light https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-20.2-175x300.jpg Figure 20.2 Microstructure of low-carbon sheet steel etched with (a) 2% natal, (b) 4% picral; and (c) Beraha’s reagent at 100X. https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-20.3-175x300.jpg Figure 20.3. The ternary eutectic (α-Fe C-Fe P) in gray cast iron revealed by etching a) in picral and nital to “outline” the phases b) boiling alkaline sodium picrate to color the cementite. c) boiling Murakami’s reagent to color the phosphide (200X). https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-20.4.jpg Figure 20.4 Microstructure of a duplex stainless steel revealed using a) alcoholic 15% HCl by immersion (30 min.); and, with b) glyceregia by swabbing (2 min.) c) aqueous 60% HNO3 (1 V DC, 20 seconds); with d) aqueous 10% oxalic acid (6 V DC, 75 seconds); with e) aqueous 10% CrO3 (6 V DC, 30 seconds); and, with (f) aqueous 2% H2SO4 (5 V DC, 30 seconds) at 200X. https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-20.4-2-175x300.jpg Figure 20.4-b Selective coloring of ferrite in a duplex stainless steel by electrolytic etching with g) aqueous 20% NaOH (4V DC, 10 seconds) and with h) aqueous 10 N KOH, (3 V DC,4 seconds); and by immersion color etching i) with Beraha’s reagent (100mℓ water, 10mℓ HCl and 1g K2S2O5) at 200X. https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/figure-20.5-130x300.jpg Figure 20.5 Microstructure of WC-Co cutting tool: a) as-polished revealing graphite particles; b) relief polished revealing the cobalt binder phase; c) after immersion in Chaporova’s etch (HCl saturated with FeCl3) to attack and “darken” the cobalt; and, d) after (c) plus Murakami’s reagent to outline the WC grains (1000X). https://www.buehler.com/blog/save-time-and-improve-sample-quality-with-vacuum-impregnation-2/ 2022-09-28T16:47:54+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/take-another-look-at-our-simplimet-4000-compression-mounting-press/ 2022-09-28T17:15:28+00:00 0.7 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Take-Another-Look-at-our-SimpliMet-4000-Compression-Mounting-Press-300x188.jpg Take Another Look at our SimpliMet 4000 Compression Mounting Press https://www.buehler.com/blog/sustainability-in-product-innovations/ 2022-09-28T17:12:49+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Sustainable-Buehler-Products-1024x1024-1-300x300.jpg Sustainable Buehler Products https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Buehler-Green-Logo-01-1536x1096-1-300x214.png Buehler Sustainability Logo https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ImageForArticle_20303_16183221260766612.jpeg Sarah Beranek https://www.buehler.com/blog/85-years-working-with-the-automotive-industry/ 2022-09-28T17:25:34+00:00 0.7 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/auto-history-300x220.png 85 Years in the Automotive Industry https://www.buehler.com/blog/wilson-hardness-days/ 2022-09-28T17:53:26+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/dr-mike-keeble-head-shot-150x150.jpg Dr. Mike Keeble https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Evans-head_2-150x150.jpg Dr. Evans Mogire https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Buehler-Hardness-Testers-with-DiaMet-Software-group-photo.jpg Hardness Testing: Advanced Microhardness Evaluation, Using Automated Systems with Software https://www.buehler.com/blog/navigating-the-metallographic-challenges-of-surface-coatings/ 2022-09-28T18:05:30+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/quality-control-in-printed-circuit-boards/ 2022-09-28T18:25:55+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/consumable-tip-count-on-mastermet-colloidal-silica-avoid-common-problems-with-use/ 2022-09-28T18:34:44+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/verifying-a-rockwell-tester-with-a-certified-test/ 2022-09-28T18:44:49+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/innovations-for-quality-and-safety-critical-manufacturing-at-heat-treat/ 2022-09-28T18:52:15+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/why-buehler-instron-improved-the-vickers-hardness-testers/ 2022-09-28T19:39:53+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Wilson-VH3100-VH3300-Brochure_English-230x300.jpg Wilson VH3100 VH3300 Brochure English https://www.buehler.com/blog/chd-testing-with-diamet/ 2022-09-28T19:27:41+00:00 0.7 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/3-1-1024x768-1-300x225.jpg Focus on the task - improve efficiency https://www.buehler.com/blog/buehler-part-of-history-50-year-anniversary-of-the-lunar-landing/ 2022-09-28T20:03:49+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/lithium-batteries-to-power-the-future-buehler-sets-stage-with-sample-preparation-insight/ 2022-09-28T20:03:50+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/aerospace-not-a-new-frontier-for-buehler/ 2022-10-06T18:41:21+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/6-ways-to-improve-medical-grinding-and-polishing/ 2026-08-19T14:31:32+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/6Ways_figure_1.jpg Shown is a polished Ti64Al surface using polarized light. https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/6Ways_figure_2.jpg This figure shows a corresponding differential interference contrast image (DIC) revealing topographic details of the polished surface https://www.buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/stent_2-1160x665-1-1024x587.jpg 6 Ways to Improve Medical Grinding-Polishing https://www.buehler.com/blog/whats-the-difference-between-grinding-materials/ 2024-07-08T21:24:31+00:00 0.8 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/WTDgrinding_1_0-1160x665-1-1024x587.jpg What’s the Difference Between Grinding Materials https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/med_grinding_2_0.jpg What’s the Difference Between Grinding Materials https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/WTD-grinding_stint_0.jpg What’s the Difference Between Grinding Materials https://www.buehler.com/blog/abrasive-cutting-techniques-cutting-mode/ 2022-10-06T19:11:16+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/out-of-box-concept-with-mount-fixturing-ez-clamp/ 2022-10-06T19:16:02+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/targeting-through-holes-in-printed-wiring-boards-pwb-use-of-reference-pins/ 2022-10-06T19:21:11+00:00 0.7 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/targeting-throughholes.png Targeting Through Holes in Printed Wiring Boards (PWB) – Use of Reference Pins https://www.buehler.com/blog/petrographic-preparation-how-and-why-to-frost-your-slide/ 2022-10-06T19:24:34+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/diamet-hardness-software-weld-testing-using-vickers-hardness-scale/ 2022-10-06T19:31:11+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/do-you-dress-well/ 2022-10-06T19:35:32+00:00 0.7 yearly https://buehler.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Dressing-Chuck-Mounting-Diagram-300x265.jpg Figure 1: Dressing Chuck Mounting Diagram https://www.buehler.com/blog/accurate-porosity-measurement-in-thermal-spray-coatings/ 2022-10-06T19:41:31+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/sample-mounting-when-method-selection-really-matters/ 2022-10-06T19:49:22+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/sectioning-of-electronic-components/ 2022-10-06T19:54:00+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/metallographic-preparation-of-medical-implants-stents-orthopaedics/ 2022-10-06T19:57:11+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/ecomet-30-semi-automatic-and-manual-grinder-polishers/ 2022-10-06T20:14:38+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/buehler-announces-expansion-of-relationship-with-berg-engineering/ 2022-10-06T20:19:57+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/buehler-demonstrates-magnetic-backed-polishing-cloths/ 2022-10-06T20:25:00+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/time-study-case-hardness-testing-of-automotive-crank-pins-and-journals/ 2022-10-06T20:29:31+00:00 0.6 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/buehlers-diamet-hardness-testing-software-weld-testing-and-mapping-with-ease/ 2022-10-06T20:33:05+00:00 0.6 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/cuts-like-a-knife-hardness-testing-matters/ 2022-10-06T20:40:44+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/challenges-in-fiber-reinforced-polymers/ 2022-10-12T14:35:55+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/precision-made-perfect-getting-the-most-out-of-your-precision-diamond-saw/ 2022-10-12T14:39:55+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/make-the-most-out-of-your-abrasive-saw/ 2022-10-12T14:44:00+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/64-bit-and-why-it-matters-in-material-analysis/ 2022-10-12T14:49:32+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/material-thickness-when-choosing-a-rockwell-scale/ 2022-10-12T14:54:33+00:00 0.8 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/preparation-of-difficult-materials-for-ebsd-electronic-backscatter-diffraction/ 2022-10-12T14:58:39+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/selection-of-compression-mounting-compounds/ 2022-10-12T15:01:09+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/hardness-conversions/ 2024-12-12T21:22:45+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/rockwell-hardness-test-indent-spacing/ 2022-10-12T15:08:00+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/buehler-focuses-on-education-around-the-globe/ 2022-10-12T15:13:13+00:00 0.7 yearly https://www.buehler.com/blog/testing-the-hardness-of-a-welded-joint/ 2022-10-12T15:16:30+00:00 0.7 yearly